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Summarizes, under 12 general propositions, the findings from a series of field studies by the Disaster Research Center about the operations of the local mass media in disasters in the USA. The topics covered range from the disaster planning undertaken by mass media organizations, to the content of the news reported, and about differences among the electronic and print media involved, to the input of citizens into stories about disasters. Additionally, raises questions about the extent to which the findings can be extrapolated to other than US society.

The research relies on the world trends in the development of local and hyperlocal media and their business models to analyse the experience of Ukrainian local mass media in their search for sustainable funding. The financial sustainability of local and hyperlocal media projects is the key to expanding citizens' access to high-quality news and information. The choice of a business model determines the media's financial sustainability and efficiency, its philosophy, content and ways of content delivery. Crowdfunding and its types (membership model, club model, gift-crowdfunding) is considered one of the most effective business models for hyperlocal media. These models presuppose engaging audiences (communities) in media financing. The research into the key services, resources, information processes and flows, expenditure structure and revenue sources reveal that an effective business model for Ukrainian media aims to combine business values with consumers' values and needs. The combination of these factors ensures sustainable development and independence of the editorial policy.

The mass media can play a crucial role in election campaigns because it can influence people's points of view of a candidate, including how they responded to women candidates. This paper aims to analyze how the local media portrayed women candidates in the Local Executive Election (Pilkada) 2018 and the factors that drive it. Unlike most previous studies, which focused on women in legislative candidacy and analyzed the national mass media, this study focuses on women's candidacy in the local executive election by observing the local mass media. The author believes that the differences in the electoral system between the legislative election and the local executive one and the differences of the media scop will produce different findings. Using the explanatory sequential mixed method, the author combined the quantitative method followed up with the qualitative one to interpret this study's data. The author took a sample of 140 pieces of news from local mass media during March-23 June 2018, which was chosen by a non-probability sampling method with a quota technique. This study did not reveal any biased coverage toward women candidates due to four factors: the type of election that women participate in; the social-political capital of women candidates; the condition that women's active political participation is not a novelty; and the alignment of media to the more extensive political agenda. Therefore, it can be concluded that the neutrality of the media does not necessarily cause unbiased coverage, yet by the logic of the media, which makes the media are not passive conduits.

This article is describing the main genre forms used in the local periodicals in the 1930s. It talks about both the journalistic genres themselves (notes, editorials, reports), and the genres of business communication (orders, decisions, bylaws, etc.) that played a signifi cant role in the press of those years. The article also considers the genres of "letters" (in its genre variations), the "heroic list" and the "black list". The article analyses the factors that infl uenced creation of the genre palette of the media, including the perception of journalism as means of propaganda, the need to solve production tasks facing collective farms, state farms and machine and tractor stations, insuffi cient journalistic skills of editorial staff. The research is based on local periodicals of the Amur Region in 1934.

The research aims to study the local mass media's attitudes toward an environmental situation in the East of Thailand. A Qualitative study with in-depth interviews with key informants who are mass media in the eastern part of Thailand is applied. The informants are asked about their attitudes towards environmental problems in the East. The results are shown in 4 issues as follows: 1. Illegal waste disposal is distributed into waste disposal in other people's properties and waste disposal into canals, 2. Coastal erosion in Laem Chabang area which is distributed into land loss and potential catch loss, 3. People's opposition to the town plan amendment which is distributed into the opposition of government's town plan development and the opposition of the town plan development benefitting the investors, 4. The freshwater conflicts which are distributed into freshwater conflicts between agriculture and industrial sectors and the invasion of the industrial sector into the agricultural area.

This concise text will help readers understand the ongoing fascination with do-it-yourself media around the world. Ellie Rennie explains how community media has, since its beginning, challenged the mainstream. A clear and useful guide for students, Community Media lays out the terrain in which community media theory and advocacy have located themselves, including the ideals of participation, community, and social change

"Cover" -- "Title" -- "Copyright" -- "Dedication" -- "Contents" -- "Acknowledgments" -- "Introduction" -- "1 Community Media and Identity in Ireland" -- "Identity, Community, and Geography" -- "Fundamental Constructs" -- "Identity, Community, Symbolic Construction, and Modernization" -- "2 Construction and Evolution of Irish Identity" -- "Irish Ireland: Constructing Identity From Geography and Culture" -- "Shifting Identity: Entering a Modern Age" -- "A Nation Once Again? Or at Last?" -- "Conclusion" -- "3 Irish Media and Irish Identity" -- "Media Articulations of Cultural Nationalism" -- "Government Policy and Media Control" -- "Opening Up: Media and Modernization" -- "Conclusion" -- "4 Contemporary Irish Media" -- "Three Systems Comparative Model" -- "Media System Overview" -- "Conclusion" -- "5 Community Media Theory and Project Methodology" -- "Community Ties Hypothesis" -- "Research Questions and Methodology" -- "6 Local Media Reflections of Identity" -- "No Place Like Home" -- ""All News Is Local"" -- "Game On!" -- "Conclusion" -- "7 Irish-Language Media and Identity" -- "From Cultural Nationalism to Community Expression" -- "Preserving "Who We Are"" -- "Language Integration" -- "Conclusion" -- "8 Local Focus in a Global Society" -- "Symbolic Construction of Identities" -- "Problems of the Business Model" -- "Conclusion" -- "Appendices" -- "Appendix A Quoted Interviewees" -- "Appendix B Content Reviews

Introduction: Demarcating the field of local media and journalism / Agnes Gulyas and David Baines -- Historicising the after-life, local newspapers in the United Kingdom and the 'art of prognosis' / Rachel Matthews -- A history of the local newspaper in Japan / Anthony S. Rausch -- Local news deserts in Brazil : historical and contemporary perspectives / Carlos Eduardo Lins da Silva and Angela Pimenta -- History of local media in Norway / Eli Skogerbø -- State of play : Local media, power and society in the Caribbean / Juliette Marie Storr -- 'Peopleization' of news : the development of the American television news format / Madeleine Liseblad -- The death of broadcast localism in the United States / Christopher Ali -- Developing local media policies in sub-state nations : the case of Catalonia / Mariola Tarrega and Josep Guimerà -- Local journalism in Australia : Policy debates / Kristy Hess and Lisa Waller -- The development of community broadcasting legislation in Kenya / Rose Kimani -- Local media policies in Poland : Key issues and debates / Sylwia Mecfal -- The impact of communication policies in local television models. The cases of Catalonia and Scotland / Aida Martori Muntsant -- Local journalism in the United States : Its publics, its problems, and its potentials / C.W. Anderson -- Remediating the local through localised news making : India's booming multi-lingual press as agent in political and social change / Ursula Rao -- De-professionalization and fragmentation : challenges for local journalism in Sweden / Gunnar Nygren -- Central and local media in Russia : between central control and local initiatives / Ilya Kiriya -- The return of party journalism in China and 'Janusian' content : the case of Newspaper X / Jingrong Tong -- Strategy over substance and national in focus? Local television coverage of politics and policy in the US / Erika Franklin Fowler -- From journal of record to the 24/7 news cycle : perspectives on the changing nature of court reporting in Australia / Margaret Simons and Jason Bosland -- Business and ownership of local media : an international perspective / Bill Reader and John Hatcher -- Local media owners as saviours in the Czech Republic : they save money, not journalism / Lenka Waschková Císarová -- What can we learn from independent family-owned local media groups? Case studies from the UK / Sarah O'Hara -- Local media in France : subsidized, heavily regulated and under pressure / Matthieu Lardeau -- 'I've started a hyperlocal, so now what?' / Marco van Kerkhoven -- The hyperlocal 'renaissance' in Australia and New Zealand / Scott Downman and Richard Murray -- At the crossroads of hobby, community work and media business : Nordic and Russian hyperlocal practitioners / Jaana Hujanen, Olga Dovbysh, Carina Tenor, Mikko Grönlund, Katja Lehtisaari and Carl-Gustav Lindén -- Not all doom and gloom : the story of American small market newspapers / Christopher Ali, Damian Radcliffe and Rosalind Donald -- Local journalism in Bulgaria : trends from the Worlds of Journalism study / Vera Slavtcheva-Petkova -- Specialised training of local journalists in armed conflict : the Colombian experience / Yennue Zárate Valderrama -- From community to commerce? Analytics, audience 'engagement' and how local newspapers are renegotiating news values in the age of pageview-driven journalism in the UK / James Morrison -- Two tier tweeting : how promotional and personalised use of Twitter is shaping journalistic practices in the UK / Lily Canter -- Centralised and digitally disrupted : an ethnographic view of local journalism in New Zealand / Helen Sissons -- Situating journalistic coverage : a practice theory approach to researching local community radio production in the United Kingdom / Josephine F. Coleman -- What does the audience experience as valuable local journalism? Approaching local news quality from a user's perspective / Irene Costera Meijer -- Local journalism and at-risk communities in the United States / Philip M. Napoli and Matthew Weber -- The emerging deficit : changing local journalism and its impact on communities in Australia / Margaret Simons, Andrea Carson, Denis Muller and Jennifer Martin -- Strength in numbers : building collaborative partnerships for data-driven community news / Jan Lauren Boyles -- Bottom-up hyperlocal media in Belgium : Facebook-groups as collaborative neighborhood awareness systems / Jonas De Meulenaere, Cédric Courtois and Koen Ponnet -- Local news repertoires in a transforming Swedish media landscape / Annika Bergström -- The what, the where, and the why of local news in the United States / Angela Lee -- Local media and disaster reporting in Japan / Florian Meissner and Jun Tsukada -- Public service journalism and engagement in US hyperlocal non-profits / Patrick Ferrucci -- Local public service media in Northern Ireland : the merit goods argument / Phil Ramsey and Philip McDermott -- Participation in local radio agricultural broadcasts and message adoption among rural farmers in Northern Ghana / Adam Tanko Zakariah -- Pacific Islanders' Talanoa values and public support point the way forward / Shailendra Singh -- Alternative journalism, alternative ethics? / Tony Harcup.